Meals to Eat during an Event - 1731 Words

Meals the day BEFORE the event The meals the day before the event would normally consist of consuming a lot of carbohydrates, as well as other vitamin, minerals, proteins etc. but mostly carbohydrates, this is also known as â€Å"Carbohydrate Loading† or just â€Å"Carb Loading†. Carb Loading is essential as all it is, is storing energy therefore, using it all up for the day after which also makes you last longer, especially when it’s an all-day event such as my chosen sport. Carb Loading has been demonstrated to improve endurance exercise by allowing athletes to exercise at their optimal pace for a longer time. It is estimated that carb loading can improve your performance over a set distance by 2-3% Breakfast – Low-Fibre Breakfast Cereal†¦show more content†¦It is also important because when playing the sport, you are parts of muscles which lead to some sort of building in the muscle. the carbs will produce that being, that is where protein will come essential. Breakfast – 2 Scrambled eggs with grilled tomato. Scrambled is a must when aiming for protein in your breakfast, about 50% of protein is consumed within scrambled eggs, it also a good source of riboflavin and selenium and with grilled tomato, it just tops it off with its magnificent taste ! Grilled Tomatoes is very low in saturated fat and cholesterol. It is also a good source of dietary fibre, vitamin E, vitamin k, thiamine, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, iron, magnesium, phosphorus and copper, and a very good source of vitamin A, vitamin C, potassium and manganese. By adding these two foods together, they create a good source of protein intake! Morning Tea – Trail mix which involves sunflower seeds, mixed nuts, cranberries, goji berries and raw cacao nibs. Trail mix is a great source of protein, sunflower seeds themselves are also a fantastic way to quell hunger and a great source of vitamin E and B1, also being very low in saturated fat, cholesterol and sodium. It is also a good source of niacin, folate, pantothenic acid and iron, and a very good source of protein as mentioned previously, thiamine, magnesium, phosphorus, copper, manganese and selenium. Mixed nuts have a magnificent taste to them as they provide the essentials, very lowShow MoreRelatedHow Nutrition Is Important And Can Enhance Athletic Performance944 Words   |  4 PagesIt is well known that nutrition is very important and can enhance athletic performance. Although college athletes require training and skills, they also require a quality diet. Athletes who eat healthy and consume an adequate diet perform better than those who eat poorly. However, m any athletes do not know how important nutrition is, how much is required, and how it can affect their overall health and physical output. They often are told the wrong things or have their own conceptions of what is healthyRead MoreObesity : A Condition Of Excess Body Fat That Affect People Of All Ages857 Words   |  4 Pagesand states that fast-food meals were the only affordable option for American children to consume. In the second article, â€Å"What You Eat Is Your Business†, Balko argues that blaming food industry is a wrong path people follow instead of fostering a sense of responsibility of what they eat. Realistically, fast-food meals are the major, but not the only cause of obesity; therefore, the government should offer and enforce laws upon the food industry that make healthier meals cost less than unhealthy onesRead MoreEndurance Athletes : Athletes And Athletes1745 Words   |  7 Pagesrunners, and cyclist. These are usually athletes that have events that la st two or more hours or has to do more than one event. Endurance athletes are in an event so long that they sometimes have to eat or snack on something just to finish. They also need to stay hydrated and balance out the amount of fluids they intake. They can’t conserve too much or too little. Endurance athletes also need to stick with the same method while training and in event so that they won’t end with a poor performance. AccordingRead MoreThe Impact of Eating Behaviors on our Health Essay example1095 Words   |  5 Pagesbehaviour is a complex behaviour that involves a vast array of factors which has a great impact on the way we choose our meals. Food choice, like an other behaviour, is influenced by several interrelated factors. While hunger seems to drive our ways of food consumption, there are things outside of our own bodies that influence our food choices and the way in which we eat. The way we eat is controlled by and is a reflection of our society and cultu res. I explore this idea through a food diary I createdRead MoreGuidelines For Pre Competition And During Competition Dietary Inane For The Athlete Competing1645 Words   |  7 Pagescompetition and during competition dietary inane for the athlete competing in their even. ( grams of carbohydrates a day, grams of protein a day and timing of intake.) Soccer is a quick paced and Intense sport. It can also be very competitive and demanding to the body. During a soccer game a player is constantly active for 45 minutes, following a ten minute break and then another 45 minutes of constant activity. Nutrition is extremely important to an athlete’s performance and training. What they eat dailyRead MoreThe Importance of the Passover Meal in The Gospel of Luke 1856 Words   |  7 Pages The Gospel of Luke provides a window into the importance of social standards during the time of its writing. One social standard the community emphasized was the importance of the communal celebratory meal. In the Lukan community, these meals were used to display power, provide benefaction, and were also part of worship. Keeping with the emphasis of meals, Luke used the tradition of the Passover Meal to illustrate the Last Supper Narrative and its’ shift in meaning with regard to the new covenantRead MoreEssay On Food And Fellowship For A Dollar847 Words   |  4 Pagesstudents and faculty of ULM, and even guests from outside the university to share home-cooked meals with the church and the community to form and strengthen the symbiotic relationship between the two. As the name o f the event suggests, students can eat for only $1 while faculty and guests pay $3. The flyer advertising the Dollar Lunch states that a main dish, side dish and dessert is included in the meal – a great deal for the price. The Dollar Lunch gives the ministry the opportunity to reach outRead More What is Soul Food? Essay1004 Words   |  5 Pagesearly 14th century during the time of African exploration. When Africans became slaves in America, they had to make do with the ingredients that were given to them (A History of Soul Food). Their meals of fresh vegetables that they were used to were now being replaced by the thrown away scrapes of food from the plantation house. Not long after, slaves began to refer to their food as â€Å"good times† food because after working long hours in the field or in the house, the evening meal was a time for familiesRead MoreSports Nutrition For Runners And Athletes1472 Words   |  6 PagesSPORTS NUTRITION PAGE: H: EAT SMART, RUN BETTER SH: SPORTS NUTRITION FOR RUNNERS Healthy-eating habits are the foundation of a good running routine. When you’re running faster, and going for longer, you need to make sure you’re both well-hydrated and well-fuelled. When you’re energised you’re able to run faster, burn more calories, and get fitter, faster. In this guide to sports nutrition we take you through the key food groups, why they are important to runners and athletes and which foodsRead MoreThe Functional Assessment Interview ( Fai )1259 Words   |  6 PagesNon-nutritious snacking is evident by the individual eating more than two non-nutritious meals that are over two hundred calories and that are not listed as a recommendation food for vegetarians by the U.S department of Health and Human Services, during non-traditional meal times. Indirect assessment will be done to determine the function of non-nutritious snacking. The Functional Assessment Interview (FAI) Form was used for the assessment. The main focus for this assessment was to establish a clear

Essay on Dark Figure of Crime - 2329 Words

I am going to discuss the accuracy of the statistics used to measure crime using examples. Is the world a more dangerous place now than fifty years ago? Do we all have the same views on what is a crime? Who are ‘criminals’? I am going to look in detail at exactly how crimes are recorded in England and Wales, what process a crime has to go through before it is recorded, and what happens to all those crimes that go unrecorded. I accept that this is a diverse and controversial area, and for the purpose of this essay I am going to concentrate on attempting to discover just what the relationship is between the real crime statistics and the Dark Figure of crime. According to statistics, the British crime rate has risen regularly†¦show more content†¦A Home Office study in 2000 attempted to estimate the number of offences committed in England and Wales which concluded that 60 million offences were committed in England and Wales and concluded that 60 million were committed in 1999/2000. This is over five times that recorded by the BCS and around ten times police recorded time. So we can see how by recording crimes in these different ways we are left with contradicting results, in fact in order for an incident to even be included in any type of statistic it has to go through many different stages of a long and hazardous process. First, the incident or ‘crime’ must be witnessed, or even acknowledged that the crime is even happening, for example if a barman purposely short-changes a drunken customer, chances are that the customer will not have any idea that they have just been robbed, even serious crimes may go unnoticed, for example the serial killer Dennis Nilsen preyed on unattached young males, was able to murder many of them without their disappearance being noticed. Also the witness to the behaviour must class that behaviour as criminal, for example one person might consider it perfectly acceptable to help themselves to the office stationary, while another would consider this theft. Definitions of theses kinds are open to evolution- what is considered acceptable today was less so 20 years ago. Take the case of violence; 30 years ago it would have been perfectlyShow MoreRelatedThe Dark Figure Of Crime Essay2534 Words   |  11 Pagesunderstand by the ‘dark figure of crime’ and why it is important to consider this when examining statistics on crime? Unless a crime is â€Å"seen and interpreted by a member of the public, a victim or a law enforcer†(Corall, Hazel) it will never be recorded as a statistic. As citizens, it is expected that the figures we are given regarding crime enables us to understand how much crime is going on around the United Kingdom. However, the British Crime Survey (BCS) has reported that many crimes go under reportedRead MoreThe And The Dark Figure Of Crime Essay1849 Words   |  8 PagesFor hundreds of years society has sought a theory of criminality with which to strike back against the dark figure of crime. Theories of crime have always been heavily tinted by the social climate in which they were created. For example, until the 18th century Western European criminological thought was firmly rooted in Christianity, which considered crime the work of the Devil. Punishments were meted out not based on the merit of one s actions, but to turn away the evil and reinforce order in aRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography : Dark Figure Of Crime Essay766 Words   |  4 PagesAssessment 1 Annotated Bibliography - The ‘Dark Figure’ of Crime. [1] de Castelbajac, M. (2014) ‘Brooding over the dark figure of crime’, British Journal of Criminology, 54(5), pp. 928–945. doi: 10.1093/bjc/azu047. [2] Fohring, S. (2014) ‘Putting a face on the dark figure: Describing victims who don’t report crime’, Temida, 17(4), pp. 3–18. doi: 10.2298/tem1404003f. (Journal) This journal article identifies issues in regards to victims of crime and non-reporting. Through reading this articleRead MoreEssay on Bystander Effect : The Dark Figure of Crime1396 Words   |  6 Pagesoffenses took place in the USA and were made known to law enforcement (FBI Uniform Crime Reports 2012). Another 3-3.4 million crimes were estimated to have been committed and not reported (Bureau of Justice Statics 2012), making for a total of around 13,189,902 crimes committed in the year of 2012. This figure of unreported crime is referred to as the dark figure of crime and will never truly be known. This figure exists for a number of reasons including, fear of the victim to come forward, lackRead MoreGetting the Measure of Crime Essay1055 Words   |  5 PagesMeasure of Crime What practical problems does the criminologist face in going about his business? What does an informed examination of hidden crime tell us about (1) official criminal statistics and (2) The nature of social order? Are there such things as victimless crimes? Why? In my essay I will first talk about crime and what it means, I will then talk about what different methods criminologists use to collect crime such as crime surveys andRead MoreA Comparative Analysis Of Official Crime Statistics And Unofficial Measures Essay1291 Words   |  6 Pagesclaim that crime is increasing or decreasing in New Zealand is a statement with various inbuilt assumptions. Crime is not a simple notion to define, nor is it easy to measure. This essay will perform a comparative analysis between ‘Official Crime Statistics’ and unofficial measures, highlighting that both methods are limited in reflecting the true nature and scope of crime, as the notion of crime is contested. Official crime statistics follow a positivist approach, assuming that crime is a staticRead MoreThe Usefulness of Ocs in Measuring Crime1380 Words   |  6 Pagesusually a crime, but may be seen as one. Deviance is when someone breaks the norms and values of a society, but the act is not illegal. Crime is where a person beaks the law of land, they either do something they shouldn’t, or they don’t do something they should. Crime and deviance can be measured with the use of Official Crime Statistic (OCS). OCS is the crimes which are reported by the victim, and then further recorded by the Police. Not all crimes are recorded by the Police, which lead to a dark figureRead More The Distinction Between Crime and Deviance Essay1274 Words   |  6 Pages Crime statistics exist entirely to measure levels of crime inside society; so, the purpose of this essay is to illustrate whether or not the statistical data on crime and deviance provides a true measurement of criminal occurrences in British society. The distinction between crime and deviance is going to be explored and a clear understanding of how they differentiate from each other will be gained. The terms Formal and Informal social control will be identified and their differences determinedRead MoreCrimeReportingandVictimization BrittanyEpperly Essay758 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ Crime Reports and Victimization Brittany Epperly CJS/235 11/23/2014 Cathy Arrowsmith Crime Reports and Victimization Crime reporting and victimization go hand in hand. Without victims there would be less reports of crime, and without crime reporting there would not be a valid way of gaging crime rates andRead MoreCrime And Social Implications Of Crime913 Words   |  4 Pageshow crime is viewed in society, who crime affects and how victims of crime are impacted, and why crimes and victims are viewed in the ways they are. Before the moral and social implications of crime can be thought about, there is the simpler task of tracking crime in general. Crime can be measured in various ways using different methods. In Canada, crime is recorded from two main sources, from the police and from the victims/general population. In 1962, Canada put into place the Uniform Crime Reporting

Alienation in Lost in Translation Free Essays

However, Copula suggests this inability to communicate is extrapolated by a paradigm of urgency, specifically instant ratification, as symbolized through the setting of Tokyo as a world of consumerism. This is conveyed in the opening scene when the low angle shots of neon advertisements and towering skyscrapers is coupled with the chaotic motion of the Shabbily crowd. Through this Copula presents individuals who are left behind by the pace of the global world. We will write a custom essay sample on Alienation in Lost in Translation or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is shown through the framing of the city which is often shot out of focus In relation to the individual who Is positioned behind symbolic barriers Like windows. Our desire for Instant gratification and immediacy Is further evinced through the onset of new communication technologies. For example, Bob communicates with his wife exclusively by the fax machine and Charlotte friend accepts that everything Is â€Å"great† despite her troubled state of mind. Indeed the suspicion that we can never truly communicate in a world where meaning is constantly deferred leads to alienation. The absence of meaning leads to ennui as represented through Bob’s insomnia, Charlotte self help CD â€Å"A Soul’s Search† and their hermetic occupation of the hotel, a traditional â€Å"non-space†. Thus, with emphasis on the 21st century, Copula conveys a sense of desalination brought on by our inability to understand and be understood a dilemma which has extrapolated the elliptical limitations of language. To this end Copula suggests that we are constantly lost In translation. In our rush to embrace the global, we must not lose sight of tradition. Evaluate In contrast, McLeod explores how the dilemmas of globalization, particularly the pressures of an economic paradigm, force certain Individuals to concede their traditions as a way to survive. In his story â€Å"In the Fall† he portrays Individuals’ Limited ability to retain the tradition of kinship and sentimentality in a world which teen moral necessity symbolized through the father’s desire to keep the horse, Scott, and material necessity, represented through the chickens that are being raised for slaughter. The characterization of the mother as a pragmatic woman is shown through her hair which is pulled back â€Å"severely’, a characteristic which has been molded by the hardships of poverty. However with the successful transfer of the horse she lets her hair down a gesture which evokes her vulnerability, McLeod portraying the burdens and tragedies, the pragmatic if inhuman choices individuals must make in the face of necessity. This is portrayed through Manacle’s use of pathetic fallacy. The sea which â€Å"crashes†¦ Relentless and unforgiving†, reflects the anguish of the characters which intensifies during the horse’s transaction. Indeed the rain makes aggressive contact with them as suggested by the terms â€Å"slashes, stings and burns† imagery that evokes the global world’s violent encroachment on the communities that can’t afford to keep traditions like sentimentality alive. To this end, McLeod portrays how individuals must lose sight of certain traditions if they are to survive in the global world, a conclusion which is ultimately represented by the ember diction of â€Å"my parents are blown together, only trying to hold their place† a lament for this loss of tradition. Yet at the same time, McLeod also explores how the erosion of tradition by the global world has sparked local movements of resistance in the form of cultural revivals. The miners in his story â€Å"The Closing Down of Summer† reaffirm their Gaelic traditions by returning home the centre where they can replenish themselves. As the miners shower beneath a waterfall, the idyllic imagery of the water which symbolizes life and vitality runs down their bodies to their feet which stand in the sea. This is then Juxtaposed with the â€Å"spraying shower nozzles of the world’s great mining developments† an image of sterility which evokes the wholesome nature of tradition. Indeed cultural revival is also evinced through the revival of language. The narrator describes how Gaelic â€Å"so constant and unchanging began to bubble up within me† the introspective overtone suggesting how one preserves tradition to safeguard a sense of certainty. Yet the miner also concedes how some defining traditions of the local, such as physical hardship will be lost. This is conveyed through the line â€Å"[the narrators] children will grow fatly affluent before they are thirty’ the fricative alliteration suggesting the narrator’s bitterness towards the new generation that has embraced the alternative albeit easier lifestyles provided by the global world. Thus McLeod explores the how tradition is significant for identity and community but he ultimately reflects the permanence of loss and change -traditions are inevitably lost when choice becomes available and circumstances no longer dictate the way we sustain ourselves. How to cite Alienation in Lost in Translation, Papers

Educational Legacy of War Essay Example For Students

Educational Legacy of War Essay I remember growing up and playing various video games as a young child. Many of these video games were extremely violent games, games in which my friends and I could learn how to control a gun and kill enemies. In addition to those games, I remember seeing commercials for movies in the theater that were violent movies filled with scenes of fighting and defending oneself against the enemy. Regrettably, I suppose I was brought up to view war as a mediocrity in society. This is what Clarence Karier seems to talk about in his lecture on the educational legacy of war, about the lessons war has taught us. Karier begins his lecture by explaining how society has a false belief in the myth about America being a peaceful nation. He continues to list the various wars that our country has been a witness to throughout the 19th century, as well as throughout the 20th century. Essentially, Karier is trying to convey to the audience how America has indeed been in the state of constant war, and is not truly a peace-loving nation. For if America were truly a peace-loving nation as we claim to be, we would not see our state and national governments in great debt because of military expenditures. We also would not have to live with the fact that America has gone from greatest creditor nation to greatest debtor nation in the world, and all within our lifetime too. As Karier continues on through his lecture, he states that the second myth is the belief that war is temporary. He explains how once we experience war, we can never really ever return home, for those traumatic times of war are forever in the memories of the soldier and the community as well. Karier himself defines war as a heightened undemocratic experience in living from which much is learned. (Karier, 4) The lessons of war are taught to the living, they are found in our behavior long after the guns have ceased firing and these lessons are destructive to a democratic society. The fundamental notion of war is that the end justifies the means. However, in war, we routinely violate civil rights and basic human rights to life. Therefore, these undemocratic methods of war result in undemocratic ends. War cannot therefore secure democracy. However, the American people seem to think that it can, for they have been somewhat tricked into believing so. We have been taught that we are a peace loving nation and that we only engage in war to defend ourselves. Karier takes his lecture into explaining how things such as open propaganda have been effective in gaining the consent of the people to enter war. However, what the majority of the American society does not realize is that the government has control over media and has the power to say what can and can not be released for public knowledge. They can use this tool as a manipulating device to get the approval of the people to declare war on another nation. They try and get the public to dream of the American destiny to rule the world and have raised American society on things such as western frontier movies where cowboys fight to gain the frontier that is theirs. They have raised society on other movies as well, which educate the public to accept the lawfulness of the National Security State. Not only have movies done this, but video games as well, teaching our youth about war and preparing them to be future soldiers. Karier continues in his lecture to explain how agencies, such as the CIA have been a manipulating tool in society, keeping various things top secret from the public. They have the power to manipulate the media, such as television and newspapers. They can use higher education as a means of going about their operations, mainly experiments, including ones about controlling minds. The thing that is unusual about all of that is how the American people have come to accept this secrecy of the government and the principle that the end justifies the means. What most people do not realize is that our National Security State has been extremely destructive to our democratic values, traditions and institutions. Karier comes to the conclusion that the most significant legacy of war is perhaps the education of the American people, which has taught our American society to accept the goal of world empire and believe that the National Security State is absolutely essential for American security. However, it is a fact that because of secrecy and the government hiding certain information from the public, that the American dream for democracy has been forsaken. As Giambattista Vico said . . . the world of civil society has certainly been made by men, and that its principles are therefore to be found within the modification of our own human minds. (Karier, 28-29) That explains perfectly how the government, or the men according to Vico, has truly made society what it is, they have made their own history by controlling what the people know and dont know.The conflict theory sees the social world in continual struggle. A conflict theorist would simply see war as a constant struggle between competing groups. Conflict theorists also believe that people are truly shaped by power, coercion, and authority. Therefore, they would strongly support the theory that the government has made society by controlling what is known by the American people. The government has used its power to manipulate the media and has kept things from the public about war and other military issues. An oral presentation arguing for the legalisation Essay Once again, we see the return to that infamous question; does the end truly justify the means? Should we really be subjecting children to such violent images just so that they can be better prepared to be soldiers to defend our country? Many people would say yes to that question, however, I find that it is not necessary to take such measures. Why should innocent children be taught to be comfortable with violence? On the contrary, they should more importantly be taught how to be peaceful, not taught to be comfortable with taking action against the enemy and then be told lies about America being a peace-loving nation. Perhaps that is the root of one of our nations largest problems. Instead of raising our children to make peace, we prepare them for war. We claim to be one thing, peaceful, yet fail to actually be it; then teach our children to claim that same thing, yet again fail to teach them how to be it. Does that not seem odd? Through Kariers lecture we find that the most significant legacy of war had been the education of the American people. That education has taught us to accept the goal of World Empire and believe National Security State is absolutely essential for American security. However, shouldnt we change our educational approach? Instead, shouldnt we begin to teach America how to truly be peaceful people and not just say that we are? This way, if we really learn to be peaceful people, we will not have to worry so much about our National Security State. I find it so disheartening that these days, instead of seeing children dress up as the traditional ghost or witch for Halloween, we see them dressing up as ninjas and Mighty Morphin Power Rangers. Functionalists would most likely notice how today violent and aggressive behavior of children has often been correctly attributed to television viewing. Television is not the only source from which such behavior can be learned, but is one of the most prevalent sources available to children of all ages in the United States. It socializes children in a way, preparing them for their futures as soldiers against enemies. But how does television viewing cause children to learn these militaristic habits of being more violent, aggressive or anti-social? Studies have shown that television violence affects children by desensitizing children to the horror of violence, teaching them to accept violence as a solution to problems, teaching them to imitate the violence they see on the television and leading them to identify with characters seen on television. The amount of violence in television programming is obviously directly related to the amount of violence witnessed by children. In 1985 alone, 85% of all television programming contained violence, with 92.1% of cartoons aired containing violence. These cartoons generally contain one violent act every three minutes! (Liebert and Sprafkin, 117) While cartoons are often seen as innocent and safe for children to watch, with such rampant violence in them, are they truly safe and innocent?Any person watching a single violent television program can become more aggressive; in children, this phenomenon is also applicable. In reality, children are more affected by television than the average adult. Children who watch violent television programming, especially programming in which the violence or aggression is realistic, frequent and/or unpunished tend to become more violent and aggressive, immediately after the program and/or much later, sometimes even years later. One of the most disturbing areas of television and children involve the types of programs children seem to be watching. For example, one of the most popular television shows of the 1990s, Mighty Morphin Power Rangers, is almost entirely occupied with using violence to solve the various problems the characters must face. Additionally, these characters are praised rather than punished for using violence to solve their problem(s). Consequently, the viewers learn that violence is an acceptable solution, while also not learning any other problem solving techniques. In fact, according to recent research, childrens programs are the least likely of all genres (of television shows) to show the long-term negative consequences of violence. (5%) (http://www.cep.org/tvviolence.html) Clearly, children watching television all over America are learning to embrace violence, often the wrong solution to any problem. Hence, what else can we expect from them when they bring the violence and aggressiveness into the community, such as into their own schools?Concerning all the events, which have occurred within the past month, it is imperative that we begin with our nations children and teach them how to be peaceful, for they are our hope for the future. If we continue to allow them to view and participate in violent things, they will never come to know the meaning of peace. Instead, they will begin to become accustomed to seeing acts of violence as normalitys in our society; start to view events such as the September 11, 2001 terrorist acts as just another everyday act of violence. What an even greater tragedy that would be if we allowed that to happen, and so it is clear that we must change our view on the educational legacy of war. It is an essential action we must take in order to change and be able to honestly say that we are a peaceful nation. Words/ Pages : 2,719 / 24

Looking At The Issues Of Child Abuse Cases Social Work Essay Example

Looking At The Issues Of Child Abuse Cases Social Work Essay In making some research for my term paper on Family Dynamics and Child Abuse I found some interesting points that were truly oculus catching. In my paper I will be speaking about how maltreatment as a kid could take to adult household force, how smoke and intoxicant could take to child maltreatment, how emphasis could do child maltreatment, and how a one parent/two parent family, stepfamilies, and not biological parents drama a portion in kid maltreatment. Harmonizing to H.B Nichols and B.L Harlow they province that in 1998 the US Department of Health and Human Services reported that the figure of kids capable to childhood maltreatment exceeded 900,000 ( Nichols, 402 ) . They stated that the fact combined the cognition that on any given twenty-four hours 5,000 young persons experiment with smoke, it provides an inducement to understand the association of childhood maltreatment and smoke origin ( Nichols, 402 ) . They found that adult females who reported childhood maltreatment were significantly more likely to describe alcohol addiction, drug dependence, and in add-on to behavior physical wellness and psychological well-being are negatively affected by a history of kid maltreatment ( Nichols, 402 ) . Childhood inauspicious effects include, frequent caput and tummy achings, trouble sleeping, hapless assurance, depression, self-destructive ideas, and larning jobs ( Nichols, 402 ) . We will write a custom essay sample on Looking At The Issues Of Child Abuse Cases Social Work specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Looking At The Issues Of Child Abuse Cases Social Work specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Looking At The Issues Of Child Abuse Cases Social Work specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Harmonizing to old research childhood maltreatment is frequently combined with adolescent maltreatment, a debatable issue as adolescence by and large encompasses the age of smoke ( Nichols, 402 ) . In old probes they found that it is strongly suggested that early life maltreatment is a important forecaster of smoking induction, more carefully assessed exposure ( Nichols, 402 ) . They found that the experience of maltreatment in the absence of fright of maltreatment was of boundary line as a forecaster of smoke ( Nichols, 404 ) . The concluding consequence was that increased smoke hazard was preponderantly associated with experience, instead than fright, of maltreatment, and mostly confined to sexual as compared with physical maltreatment ( Nichols, 404 ) . They observed that hazard of smoking among adult females who experienced both physical and sexual maltreatment, and a double hazard among adult females sexually abused during childhood after accommodation for faith, working categor y, and poorness ( Nichols, 404 ) . Harmonizing to Bente Haugland and the article of Recurrent Disruptions of Rituals and Routines in Families with Paternal Alcohol Abuse it stated that in old surveies it has indicated that parental intoxicant maltreatment disrupts household rites and modus operandis ( Storm, 225 ) . It is besides said that instability and capriciousness in household interaction contribute to maladjustment in kids of intoxicant maltreaters ( Storm, 225 ) . Harmonizing to household system theory, households have a inclination to keep established forms of behaviour in the face of alteration or hardship ( Storm, 226 ) . The degree of break of rites and modus operandis relates to parental imbibing may hence be an of import index of how alcohol maltreatment affects the household operation and could take to child maltreatment ( Storm, 226 ) . Keeping household rites and modus operandis has farther been related to better accommodations in kids in general, every bit good as kids of intoxicant mistreating paren ts during childhood and in grownup old ages ( Storm, 226 ) . In the article called Child Abuse and Interparental Violence leads to Adulthood Family Violence, they found that the rhythm of force postulates that victimized kids turn up to victimise others ( Heyman, 864 ) . There is copiousness of grounds and studies associating the commission of kid maltreatment and disregard with a childhood history of victimization ( Heyman, 864 ) . Harmonizing to Heyman there are 10 dealingss sharing the same nickname, but merely one to cover with kid maltreatment that leads to adulthood force which is that child victimization and exposure to interparental force lead to violent condemnable behaviour in maturity ( Heyman, 864 ) . When proving the hypothesis if child maltreatment leads to adulthood force they asked inquiries about being victimized by parent kid aggression, and each point being rated on the frequence graduated table ( Heyman, 866 ) . They found that the history of physical victimization in the household beginning was operationalized as a frequen ce greater than 0 on either the father-to-respondent or mother-to-respondent points ( Heyman, 866 ) . When asked inquiries about interparental force, each point was rated on the frequence graduated table and exposure to interparental force was operationalized as a frequence greater than 0 on either the father-to-mother or mother-to-father points ( Heyman, 866 ) . The consequences support the general rhythm of force hypothesis that household of origin force increases the hazard for maturity force ( Heyman, 868-69 ) . They found that adult females exposed to both interparental and parent kid force had significantly increased hazard for kid maltreatment commission and for spouse maltreatment commission and victimization ( Heyman, 869 ) . Work force exposed to both signifiers, instead than one signifier of household of origin force had dual the hazard of maltreatment victimization ( Heyman, 869 ) . In the research they found that for work forces one important chief consequence increased hazard for child ill-treatment, and that being the exposure to beget to fuss force in the household be ginning ( Heyman, 869 ) . In the research they found that for adult females the chief consequence being exposure to fuss child force increased hazard of spouse abuse victimization ( Heyman, 869 ) . The consequences of the proving indicated the importance of both physical victimization and exposure to interparental force in understanding the rhythm of force ( Heyman, 870 ) . Harmonizing to Richard Gelles, he states that kid maltreaters and abused kids were among the missing individuals of official statistics and societal problem/social policy literature prior to the late sixtiess instead than being entirely absent from the societal scene ( Gelles, 135 ) . The selective inattention to the job of maltreatment led to one of the more permeant myths about kid maltreatment, that is, that maltreatment is a much more widespread job today than it was historically ( Gelles, 135 ) . All indicants lead to the decision that physically opprobrious Acts of the Apostless arise out of typical antecedent conditions ( Gelles, 136 ) . It is said that an initial premise is that there is no nonsubjective behaviour which can automatically be recognized as kid maltreatment and in many cases of physical hurt of a kid ; there is no clear cut admittance of guilt or lawfully valid grounds of guilt available to the other parties ( Gelles, 137 ) . Child Abuse is considered aberrant because it has been defined as such in society and an person is abused or abuser because an audience or labeler has labeled an act inappropriate ( Gelles, 137 ) . Harmonizing to Gelles, kid maltreatment is the impression that person who physically beats or injures a kid is someway mentally disturbed or sick ( Gelles, 138 ) . Although there is strong grounds that contradicts such a place the sheer doggedness of the psychopathic attack to child maltreatment indicates that the theory of the kid maltreater as ill must be carry throughing some societal map ( Gelles, 138 ) . Parents who abuse are characterized by an inability to command aggression, and the inability to command aggression is determined merely after the parent displays it by crushing the kid ( Gelles, 138 ) . Harmonizing to Gelles it is said that some of the societal factors which are related to child maltreatment are unemployment, isolation, and unwanted gestation ( 138 ) . Child maltreatm ent is non equally distributed across the societal construction, but instead is more frequent in the lower parts of the societal ladder ( Gelles, 138 ) . It appears that the female parent is most likely to be the maltreater of the kid than any other grownup ( Gelles, 139 ) . There have been two chief factors that abuse arises from. The first is structural emphasis ( Gelles, 139 ) . The association between low income, instruction and occupational position and kid maltreatment, the findings that abuse occurs more often in larger households, indicates that a cardinal causal factor in kid maltreatment is unequal ( Gelles, 139 ) . The 2nd factor is the cultural norm refering force and force toward kids ( Gelles, 139 ) . In America it is said that kid maltreatment is possibly more common than is love ( Gelles, 139 ) . In an in-depth interview with 80 household members revealed that 96 % of the parents hit their kids, and 45 % of the sample hit their kids on a regular basis ( Gelles, 139 ) . With this happening it is said to state that force towards kids is culturally acceptable and even culturally mandated ( Gelles, 139 ) . Harmonizing to Jennifer Lansford and her survey she stated she examined associations between different household constructions ( 840 ) . It is found that kids in divorced and remarried households encounter more abuse so kids who live with both parents or with merely one parent ( Lansford, 842 ) . There has been grounds that stepparents navigate equivocal insider-outsider functions within new household signifiers and that parent kid relationships in households without two biological parents are characterized by greater distance and more struggle, which leads to more maltreatment ( Lansford, 842 ) . Harmonizing to Gelles and Harrop in a different article called The Hazard of Abusive Violence among Children with Non-genetic Caretakers they province that stepparents are thought to be at higher hazard for mistreating their kids is eventful ( Gelles, 78 ) . They province that If being a stepparent is considered a hazard factor, so stepparents who present to clinicians with injured kids are preferentially susceptible to be labeled opprobrious ( Gelles, 78 ) . In research that was done it is reported by official studies that 13.6 % of kid maltreatment was by stepparents ( Gelles, 78 ) . Stepfathers constituted about a 3rd of the male parents or male parent replacements who were involved as culprits of kid maltreatment ( Gelles, 78 ) . It was found that kids in places with stepparents were much more likely to be abused than kids who lived with both natural parents ( Gelles, 78 ) . It was said that kindergartners were 40 times likely to go abused than like elderly kids populating with two natural parents ( Gelles, 78 ) . The information on the hazard of maltreatment by stepparents can be criticized on methodological evidences ( Gelles, 79 ) . Clinicians expect that non-genetic parents are more likely to mistreat kids and with that hurt to kids with non-genetic parents are more likely to be diagnosed and reported as maltreatment ( Gelles, 79 ) . On the other manus divorce rates and force towards kids are higher among the hapless, and therefore the disproportional Numberss of non-genetic parents reported for kid maltreatment may be a map of income and non household composing ( Gelles, 79 ) . Another determination was that kids are disproportionately abused in stepparent families because grownups with by and large violent temperaments are likelier to see matrimonial dissolutions and so to happen themselves in reconstituted households ( Gelles, 79 ) . In an article called Child Abuse in Stepfamilies by Jean Giles-Sims and David Finkelhor, they say that kid maltreaters implicated untraditional type household constructions, including the individual parent household and the stepfamily ( Sims, 407 ) . He found that a big sum of maltreatment by stepfathers, which was found that a 3rd of the male parents or male parent replacements who were involved as culprits of kid maltreatment ( Sims, 407 ) . It is said that bulk of kid maltreatment is unreported to governments or professionals ( Sims, 407 ) . In the National Incidence Study findings reported show the per centum of stepparents and natural parents identified as maltreatment culprits by type of maltreatment ( Sims, 407 ) . It showed that maltreatment by stepfathers was 15 % , by the male parent it was 45 % , by the stepmother it was 3 % and by the female parent it was 66 % ( Sims, 407 ) . If stepparents were more likely to mistreat their kids than natural parents, about 10 % of steppa rents would be identified as maltreaters ( Sims, 408 ) . There are kids who have stepparents with whom they do non populate with but are still abused by them ( Sims, 408 ) . They found that stepfathers would stem from the overrepresentation of stepparents among lower socio economic groups and that the bulk of child maltreatment studies come from the lower socio-economic groups ( Sims, 409 ) . It was said that any investing by the parent in an single progeny that increases the progeny s opportunity of lasting at the cost of the parents ability to put in other offspring ( Sims, 409 ) . They besides said that stepparents have lesser investing in and hence are more likely to mistreat non-biological kids, because those kids do non transport their cistrons ( Sims, 409 ) . In the article The Contribution of Stress to Child Abuse, by Richard Barth and Betty Blythe they found great significance of the relationship between emphasis and maltreatment ( Barth, 477 ) . Although emphasis contributes to child maltreatment, the precise connexion remains unsure ( Barth, 477 ) . They found that an early preparation of the emphasis and kid maltreatment relationship suggests that opprobrious behaviour is unleashed by symbolic or concrete incidents perceived as nerve-racking grownups who are susceptible to mistreat from unequal upbringings ( Barth, 478 ) . Contemporary emphasis theory provides support for a phenomenological account of emphasis in kid maltreatment ( Barth, 478 ) . They suggest that isolated situational crises allow a individual clip to mobilise resources and therefore circumvent unprompted action ( Barth, 479 ) . Life crises on the other manus could put the basis for kid maltreatment ( Barth, 480 ) . Harmonizing to an article The Economic Environment of Child Abuse it is said that hapless kids are more likely than non-poor kids to be abused ( Kruttschnitt, 299 ) . It is found from official informations that indicate kid maltreatment instances are disproportionately drawn from low income households ( Kruttschnitt, 299 ) . Harmonizing to a study they found that maltreatment were more likely to be serious or fatal among households who had the lowest one-year incomes ( Kruttschnitt, 299 ) . Many kids who are hapless now will travel out of poorness within one or two old ages, while others will stay hapless for most of their lives ( Kruttschnitt, 300 ) . These fluctuations in poverty history may be related to fluctuations in the badness and the reoccurrence of maltreatment ( Kruttschnitt, 300 ) . Harmonizing to Marian Marion she states that societal situational position, i.e. , that kid maltreatment has multiple causes, some that exist within and some that exist outside the household system ( Marion, 575 ) . She found that intrapersonal life situational and cultural factors contribute to child maltreatment ( Marion, 575 ) . Life situational forces are environmental factors that contribute to household emphasis, which leads to child maltreatment ( Marion, 575 ) . Cultural forces are besides considered precursors of kid maltreatment and non cognizing the development capablenesss and restrictions of kids may take some parents to hold unrealistic outlooks of their kids ( Marion, 575 ) . Many grownups accidentally socialise kids into kid maltreatment by which patterning coercive subject that is learned and rehearsed and therefore has a outstanding topographic point in the kid s hierarchy of responses ( Marion, 577 ) . Marion states that because the root of much kid maltreatment is the credence of coercion as subject, a school based plan should besides include information on positive kid counsel ( 577 ) . Children s anxiousness symptoms were higher in those kids whose parents obtained higher abuse possible tonss and had harsher subject patterns ( Rodriguez, 809 ) . Children s depressive symptoms and some constituents of maladaptive attributional manner besides found in households with higher maltreatment potency ( Rodriguez, 809 ) . Child abuse frequently consequences from unintended escalation while administrating physical penalty for sensed kid evildoings ( Rodriguez, 809 ) . It was found that kids who are abused are more likely than not abused kids to show such features as oppositionality, behaviour jobs, depression, and fright, societal withdraw, and lower ego regard ( Rodriguez, 810 ) . Decision: In decision, there were many findings that could reply the inquiry of what household kineticss affect or cause child maltreatment. The research provided many replies about kid maltreatment and could assist find what the chief causes are that lead to child maltreatment. Like I mentioned before, kid maltreatment is a really serious issue and it happens on a day-to-day footing. Child maltreatment leads to all kinds of jobs as the kid gets older, some to include depression, anxiousness, fright, separation, and even self-destructive ideas. Majority of the clip kids who are being abused maintain quiet because they fear they will acquire in more problem or because they do nt desire to acquire the maltreater in problem. Child maltreatment needs to halt and it could halt if we as grownups or as people could halt forcing the issue to the dorsum of our heads and trade with the state of affairs. This subject is related to many current issues in today s universe. Child Abuse is a job in today s society and me being a Social and Behavior Major and a Social Work Minor, this issue of child maltreatment would assist me truly understand the state of affairs a little more. Learning and reading more of this issue helped me to open my eyes and be more sensitive to seeing the small marks that kids express in so many words.

Capital Structure Theory Essay Essays

Capital Structure Theory Essay Essays Capital Structure Theory Essay Paper Capital Structure Theory Essay Paper When a firms debt-to- equity ratio maximizes its value and minimizes the firms weighted average cost of UAPITA (WAC), it is said to be at the target or optimal capital structure. Debt usually offers a lower cost of capital because of the ability to deduct tax from Interest, but the companys risk Increases as debt Increases. Part b. (Business Risk) Business risk refers to the risk brought upon the firm by its operations. This can be influenced by many factors such as, cost of production, sales volume, unit price, competition, demand, government regulations, etc. A company with higher business risk should operate with a capital structure that has a lower debt ration to safeguard TTS shareholders by guaranteeing that it can meet all of its financial obligations. A high business risk means a low debt ratio while a low business risk means that a firm might be able to operate with a high debt ratio. Part c. (Operation Leverage) A firm that makes few sales with sales providing a high gross margin is said to have high operation leverage. Operating leverage is dependent on a firms fixed and variable costs. If a firm has a high proportion of fixed costs it has high operation leverage as opposed to a firm with low fixed costs and high variable casts which are unconsidered to have a low operation leverage. A high-end car dealership has high operating leverage while a grocery store has low operating leverage. In a high operating leverage firm or Industry, forecasting Is Incredibly Important. A small error in forecasting could greatly damage the firms BIT. The opposite can be said for a firm with a low operating leverage. A small error in forecasting is accepted and expected. The error will have little effect on the firms BIT. A Company with high operation leverage should finance its operations with a low amount of debt to insure, n the case of a misconception, to protect Its Investors. Business risk and operation leverage often go hand In hand and are used to calculate the firms total risk on ROE. Part d. (Trade-Off Theory) The trade-off theory states that there are benefits to debt within a capital structure up until the optimal, or target, capital structure. The theory takes into effect the tax shield created by interest payments. Interest payments on debt are tax deductible creating a tax benefit for debt financing. A firm reaches optimal capital structure when the marginal tax shield equals the marginal bankruptcy costs. Bankruptcy costs are ten Increased costs AT Talking Witt EOT Instead AT Witt equally which result in a higher probability of bankruptcy. Thus, there is a point where the marginal tax benefits equal the cost of financing with more debt. At this point, we see the firms optimal capital structure. Part e. Asymmetric Information and Signaling) Asymmetric information refers to the realization that managers have more and better information that outside investors do. Signaling is based upon a firms actions and how it is preserved by its investors. Optimist asymmetric information could lead oh firm suddenly taking on more debt or increasing their dividend policy. This would signal that the company is about to experience growth or is at a mature and stable state. Pessimist asymmetric information could lead a firm to issue more stock because they recognize an upcoming loss. By issuing more stock, the loss could be spread over a larger number of stockholders resulting in a smaller loss per share. Investors know this however and are wary when a firm issues more stock. Because of signaling, when a firm tries to adjust their capital structure their investors behave in way directed by the signal given, whether that signal is accurate or not. Part f. (WAC) WAC or weighted average cost of capital is the firms cost of capital with each category of capital weighted proportionately. The more debt that company uses, the higher the WAC. The higher the WAC, the higher the companys risk. When using debt, the WAC begins to fall, but eventually, the costs of debt and equity will cause WAC to increase which will in turn cause the value of the company to drop. This brings us back to the optimal or target capital structure, where the debt to equity Asia maximizes the firms value. Part g. (Reserve Borrowing Capacity) Firms should however, use a lower debt to equity ratio than optimal capital structure suggests. The reason being, that an opportunity may arise where more funds are needed. As previously discussed, the issue of more stock sends a negative signal whether the signal is accurate or not, but to issue more debt past the optimal capital structure ratio would decrease the firms value which would also send a negative signal. Therefore, a firm should have a reserve borrowing capacity in the case of such an opportunity. Part h. (Windows of Opportunity) A window of opportunity is a time period where a normally unreachable opening exists. An example is todays interest rates. The windows of opportunity theory suggest that because interest rates are so abnormally low, now is a good time for businesses to issue debt. On the contrary, when stock market prices are exceptionally high, firms should issue more equity. Part I. (Personal Application) It is of the utmost importance that managers know and understand their firms risk and how it breaks down into operation leverage and business risk. This might be eased solely off their particular firm or off their industry as a whole. Managers should also consider the benefit of deducting interest on debt to use as a tax shield. Managers should take the asymmetric information theory and signaling into consideration. They should be aware of what certain actions signal and how they can avoid sending the wrong signal and use signaling to their advantage. The WAC should also be considered when determining the corporations debt to equity ratio. They should know that at a certain point, WAC will begin to increase as at this point ten Tall Is Klan on too much EOT IT a corporation wants to take advantage AT an opportunity but does not have the funds necessary, they should issue more debt to take benefit. For this reason managers should have a reserve borrowing capacity and have a lower initial debt to equity ratio than the optimal capital structure suggests. Managers should also be watchful and aware of windows of opportunities in which they can maximize the corporations growth. As one can see, there are many aspects one needs to consider when determining a firms capital structure and this essay only slightly begins to scratch the surface of capital structure theory.

Rousseau's Social Contract and John Stuart Mill's On Liberty Essay - 1

Rousseau's Social Contract and John Stuart Mill's On Liberty - Essay Example Mills differs with Rousseau regarding the fundamental basis of freedom, by arguing that individual rights grant man freedom, and by extension makes the society free. On his part, Rousseau argues that individual rights make an individual a slave of oneself, by making him obey his self-desire (Rousseau, 56). This way, there is no accumulation of private property, which ends up creating insecurity, considering that an individual holds more at the expense of others, who are in turn compelled to take away what the individual is not using (Rousseau, 22). Rousseau also argues that it is through the submission of individual rights, that order is created in the society since the submission of individual interest for the sake of upholding general interests of all ends-up creating a legitimate society. Rousseau, therefore, concludes that an individual’s duty to the society supersedes all the other interests, including the interests of oneself. Therefore, liberty is beneficial when it is operating in the realm of the whole society, as opposed to when it is operating within the zoning of an individual right since it ends-up making the individual a slave of himself (Rousseau, 36). On his side, Mill observes that liberty is beneficial, since it enables the creation of a healthy society, with good citizenship and absolute freedom for mankind (Mill, 16). Even though he agrees with Rousseau that the liberty of man need to be regulated, he differs with him, in arguing that individuality should not be suppressed and exchanged with the duty to community, since individuality is the basis of retaining the basic rights of individuals, which in turn prevents an individual from being dominated over by the tyranny of the majority (Mill, 22). Therefore, individuals should be allowed to pursue their desired ends without any interference, barriers or obstacles from either the society or the government, since it is this pursuit of individual’s desired ends that creates happines s to the individuals, and thus leads to a productive and civilized society.